Frequently Asked Questions about
sed, the stream editor version 014* Fri, 28 Apr 2000

from FAQS.org Severly hacked into Real HTML by hand
and broken into 2 parts by
Dennis German 28 July 2002 second part

1. GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1. Introduction - How this FAQ is organized
1.2. Latest version of the sed FAQ
1.3. FAQ revision information
1.4. How do I add a question/answer to the sed FAQ?
1.5. FAQ abbreviations
1.6. Credits and acknowledgements
1.7. Standard disclaimers

2. BASIC SED
2.1. What is sed?
2.2. What versions of sed are there, and where can I get them?

2.2.1. Free versions

2.2.1.1. Unix platforms
2.2.1.2. OS/2
2.2.1.3. Microsoft Windows (Win3x, Win9x, WinNT, Win2K)
2.2.1.4. MS-DOS
2.2.1.5. CP/M

2.2.2. Shareware and Commercial versions

2.2.2.1. Unix platforms
2.2.2.2. OS/2
2.2.2.3. Windows 95/98, Windows NT, Windows 2000
2.2.2.4. MS-DOS

2.3. Where can I learn to use sed?

2.3.1. Books
2.3.2. Mailing list
2.3.3. Tutorials, electronic text
2.3.4. General web and ftp sites

• GENERAL INFORMATION
  
  
• Introduction This FAQ is organized to answer common (and some uncommon) questions about sed, quickly. If you see a term or abbreviation in the examples that seems unclear, see if the term is defined in section 1.5. If not, write us and we'll try to clarify it for the next version of the FAQ.
  1.2. Latest version of the sed FAQ
  
  is here: http://www.faqs.org/faqs/editor-faq/sed
  
  Another FAQ file on sed by a different author can be found here:
  
  http://www.dreamwvr.com/sed-info/sed-faq.html
  
  1.3. FAQ revision information
  
  Changes to this FAQ since the last version are indicated by a vertical bar (|) placed in column 78 of the affected lines. To remove the vertical bars (use double quotes for MS-DOS):
  sed 's/ *|$//' sedfaq.txt > sedfaq2.txt
  
  In the HTML version, vertical bars do not appear. New or altered portions of the FAQ are indicated by printing in dark blue type.
  In the text version, words needing emphasis may be surrounded by the underscore '_' or the asterisk '*'. In the HTML version, these are changed to italics and boldface, respectively.
  
  1.4. How do I add a question/answer to the sed FAQ?
  
  Word your question succinctly and clearly, and e-mail it Eric
  Pement <epement@jpusa.org>, indicating your proposed addition to
  the FAQ. We'll post it on the sed-users mailing list (see section 2.3.2, below) and discuss it there. If some agreement, your contribution will be included in the next edition of the FAQ.
  1.5. FAQ abbreviations:
  
  files = one or more filenames, separated by whitespace
  RE = Regular Expressions supported by sed
  LHS = the left-hand side ("find" part) of "s/find/repl/" command
  RHS = the right-hand side ("replace" part) of "s/find/repl/" cmd.
  
  files: "files" stands for one or more filenames entered on the command line. The names may include any wildcards your shell understands (such as ``zork*'' or ``Aug[4-9].let''). Sed will process each filename passed to it by the shell.
  
  RE: For the syntax of Basic Regular Expressions (BREs), type "man ed" and read the documentation for regular expressions. A technical description of BREs from the Single UNIX Specification, Version 2, by The Open Group (joint committee on Unix) is available online at <http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xbd/re.html#tag_007_003>. | Sed normally supports BREs plus '\n' to match a newline in the pattern space and '\xREx' as equivalent to '/RE/', where 'x' is any character other than another backslash.
  Some versions of sed support supersets of BREs, or "extended regular expressions", which offer additional metacharacters for increased flexibility. For additional information on extended REs in GNU sed, see sections 3.7 ("GNU/POSIX extensions to regular expressions") and 6.8.3 ("Special syntax in REs"), below. LHS: In sed, the LHS may be a string literal (e.g., "foo") or any valid regular expression supported by your version of sed. Some versions of sed support things like \t for TAB, \r for carriage return, \xNN for direct entry of hex codes, etc. Other versions of sed do not support this syntax.
  RHS: The right-hand side (the replacement part in s/find/replace/) is almost always a string literal, with no interpolation of the metacharacters (.), (^), ($), ([), or \(...\) -- with the following exceptions: \1 through \9 are replaced by the corresponding group, if grouping \(...\) was used in the LHS. If no grouping was used in the LHS, then \1 through \9 are replaced by literal digits. '&' is replaced by the entire expression matched on the LHS. To enter a literal ampersand or backslash in the RHS, type '\&' or '\\'.
  1.6. Credits and acknowledgements
  
  My time spent messing with sed, composing this FAQ, and generally doing text manipulation which is unrelated to my job description is due to the kind tolerance of the Christian magazine I work for, Cornerstone. So, let me say thanks to the mag staff for indulging this somewhat unusual "ministry." Please visit this site:
  http://www.cornerstonemag.com
  
  Many of the ideas for this FAQ were taken from the Awk FAQ
  http://www.faqs.org/faqs/computer-lang/awk/faq/
  ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.lang.awk/faq
  
  and from the Perl FAQ
  http://www.perl.com/perl/FAQ
  http://www.perl.com/CPAN/doc/FAQs/FAQ/html/index.html
  ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/perl/CPAN/doc/FAQs/
  
  The following individuals have contributed significantly to this document, and have provided input and wording suggestions for questions, answers, and script examples. Credit goes to these contributors (in alphabetical order by last name):
  Al Aab <af137@freenet*toronto*on*ca>
  Yiorgos Adamopoulos <adamo@softlab*ece*ntua*gr>
  Walter Briscoe <walter@wbriscoe*demon*co*uk>
  Jim Dennis <jadestar@rahul*net>
  Carlos Duarte <cdua@algos*inesc*pt>
  Otavio Exel <oexel@economatica*com*br>
  Mark Katz <mark@ispc001*demon*co*uk>
  Eric Pement <epement@jpusa*org> |
  Greg Pfeiffer <gpfeiffe@yahoo*com>
  Ken Pizzini <ken@halcyon*com>
  Niall Smart <nialls@euristix*ie>
  Simon Taylor <staylor@unisolve*com*au>
  Greg Ubben <gsu@romulus*ncsc*mil>
  
  Note: Periods (.) are replaced with asterisks (*) to foil e-mail harvesting and spam-bots.
  
  1.7. Standard disclaimers
  
  While a serious attempt has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information presented herein, the contributors and maintainers of this document do not claim the absence of errors and make no warranties on the information provided. If you notice any errors or ambiguous wording, please notify the FAQ maintainer so it can be fixed for the next edition.
  ------------------------------
  
  2. BASIC SED
  
  2.1. What is sed?
  
  "sed" stands for Stream EDitor. Sed is a non-interactive editor, written by the late Lee E. McMahon in 1973 or 1974. A brief history of sed's origins may be found in an early history of the Unix tools, at <http://www.columbia.edu/~rh120/ch106.x09>.
  Instead of the user altering a file interactively by moving the cursor on the screen (like with Word Perfect), the user sends a script of editing instructions to sed, plus the name of the file to edit (or the text to be edited may come as output from a pipe). In this sense, sed works like a filter -- deleting, inserting and changing characters, words, and lines of text. Its range of activity goes from small, simple changes to very complex ones.
  Sed reads its input from stdin (Unix shorthand for "standard input," i.e., the console) or from files (or both), and sends the results to stdout ("standard output," normally the console or screen).

  This FAQ assumes you have already read the man page for sed (even if you didn't exactly understand it).

  substitution features. Sed is often used as a find-and-replace tool.
  sed 's/Glenn/Harold/g' oldfile >newfile
  
  will replace every occurrence of "Glenn" with the word "Harold", wherever it occurs in the file. The "find" portion is a regular expression ("RE"), which can be a simple word or may contain special characters to allow greater flexibility (for example, to prevent "Glenn" from also matching "Glennon").

  to add 8 spaces to the left edge of a file, so when printed , the printing wouldn't begin at the absolute left edge of a piece of paper.
  sed 's/^/ /' myfile >newfile # my first sed script
sed 's/^/ /' myfile | lp # my next sed script
  
  display only one paragraph of a file, beginning at the phrase "and where it came" and ending at the phrase "for all people" by using address ranges of patterns to be matched.
  sed -n '/and where it came/,/for all people/p' myfile
  
  Sed's normally prints (i.e., display or show on screen) the entire file, including the parts that haven't been altered, unless you use the -n switch. The "-n" stands for "no output". used in conjunction with a 'p' command , to print only the sections of the file that have been specified. The -n switch with the 'p' command allow for parts of a file to be printed (i.e., sent to the console).

  only lines 12-18 of a file
  sed -n 12,18p myfile # the 'p' i.e. print
  
  everything else BUT particular lines, without changing the file:
  sed 12,18d myfile # the 'd' i.e. delete
  
  double-space a file :
  
  sed G myfile >newfile
  
  many editing commands (for deleting, adding, substituting, etc.) can be put into a separate file and all of the commands in the file applied to file being edited:
  sed -f script.sed myfile # 'script.sed' is the file of commands
# 'myfile' is the file being changed
  
  for good tutorials, see section 2.3.
  second part of the FAQ
  
  2.2. What versions of sed are there, and where can I get them?
  
  2.2.1. Free versions
  
  Note: "Free" does not mean "public domain" nor does it necessarily mean you will never be charged for it. All versions of sed in this section except the CP/M versions are based on the GNU general public license and are "free software" by that standard (for details, see http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html). This means you can get the source code and develop it further.
  At the URLs listed in this category, sed binaries or source code can be downloaded and used without fees or license payments.
  2.2.1.1. Unix platforms
  
  GNU sed v3.02.80
  Now a,i,c commands can accept a string after them. Range syntax now supports "/RE/,+n" (next n lines) or "/RE/,~n" (till the next line which is a multiple of n). NULs permitted in regexes; \n, \t, \a, \f, \xHH hex codes supported on LHS and RHS; more changes. An alpha test release which (if found bug-free) will become GNU sed version 3.03. Supersedes GNU sed-3.02a. ftp://alpha.gnu.org/pub/gnu/sed/sed-3.02.80.tar.gz
  
  GNU sed v3.02a
  Interim version with most of what is now gsed-3.02.80 (above), which supersedes it.
  GNU sed v3.02
  This is the latest official version of GNU sed
  ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/sed/sed-3.02.tar.gz
  
  GNU sed v2.05
  This version is superseded by v3.02 and v3.02.80, above.
  
  GNU mirror sites. A list of mirror sites is at:
  http://www.ensta.fr/internet/unix/GNU-archives.html
  
  Precompiled versions:
  
  GNU sed v3.02-4
  source code and binaries for Debian GNU/Linux
  http://www.debian.org/Packages/unstable/base/sed.html
  
  GNU sed v3.02-1
  source code and binaries for Debian GNU/Linux
  http://www.debian.org/Packages/stable/base/sed.html
  
  The 4.4BSD version of sed is available from any 4.4BSD-Lite2 mirror
  site:
  ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/bsd/4.4BSD/usr/src/usr.bin/sed/
  
  For some time, the GNU project <http://www.gnu.org> used Eric S.
  Raymond's version of sed (ESR sed v1.1), but eventually dropped it because it had too many built-in limits. In 1991 Howard Helman modified the GNU/ESR sed and produced a flexible version of sed v1.5 available at several sites (Helman's version permitted things like \<...\> to delimit word boundaries, \xHH to enter hex code and \n to indicate newlines in the replace string). This version did not catch on with the GNU project and their version of sed has moved in a similar but different direction.
  sed v1.3, by Eric Steven Raymond (released 4 June 1998)
  http://earthspace.net/~esr/sed-1.3.tar.gz
  
  Eric Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com> wrote one of the earliest
  versions of sed. On his website <http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/> which
  also distributes many freeware utilities he has written or worked on, he describes sed v1.1 this way:
  
  "This is the fast, small sed originally distributed in the GNU toolkit and still distributed with Minix. The GNU people ditched it when they built their own sed around an enhanced regex package -- but it's still better for some uses (in particular, faster and less memory-intensive)." (Version 1.3 fixes an unidentified bug and adds the L command to hexdump the current pattern space.)
  2.2.1.2. OS/2
  
  GNU sed v3.02.80 |
  http://www2s.biglobe.ne.jp/~vtgf3mpr/gnu/sed.htm |
  
  GNU sed v2.05 (requires 'emxrt.zip', below)
  http://oak.oakland.edu/pub/os2/editors/gnused.zip
  http://oak.oakland.edu/pub/os2/emx09c/emxrt.zip
  
  GNU sed v1.06
  http://oak.oakland.edu/pub/os2/editors/sed106.zip
  
  2.2.1.3. Microsoft Windows (Win3x, Win9x, WinNT, Win2K)
  
  GNU sed v3.02.80
  32-bit binaries and docs, using DJGPP compiler. For details on new
  features, see Unix section, above.
  http://www.cornerstonemag.com/sed/sed3028a.zip # DOS binaries
  ftp://alpha.gnu.org/pub/gnu/sed/sed-3.02.80.tar.gz # source
  
  GNU sed v3.02
  32-bit binaries and source, using DJGPP compiler. Requires 80386 SX or better. Also requires 3 CWS*.EXE extenders if run under MS-DOS. See section 5.5 ("What is CSDPMI*B.ZIP and why do I need it?"), below. This version will run under Windows or under MS-DOS.
  The binary archive (sed302b.zip) contains 2 executables, sed.exe and gsed.exe. sed.exe was compiled with the DJGPP regex library, which is POSIX.2-compliant and usually runs faster; gsed.exe was compiled with the GNU regex library, which though it runs slower and is almost POSIX.2-compliant, it has a richer set of regexs and will run faster on certain complex regexs which cause the DJGPP sed.exe to run extremely slowly.
  ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/
  ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/.27/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/
  ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/
  ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/.27/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/
  
  GNU sed v2.05
  32-bit binaries, no docs. Requires 80386 DX (SX will not run) and must be run in a DOS window or in a full screen DOS session under Microsoft Windows. Will not run in MS-DOS mode (outside Win/Win95). We recommend using GNU sed v3.02 (above) instead. http://www.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/win95/prog/gsed205b.zip
  ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/.27/simtelnet/win95/prog/
  
  GNU sed v1.03
  modified by Frank Whaley.
  ftp://ftp.itribe.net/pub/virtunix/gnused.zip
  
  Again, we recommend avoiding versions of GNU sed other than version 3.02 or 3.02.80. However, this version appears to be built on gsed v1.03 beta as a base and then augmented farther. The authors did not give this sed its own version number or name. Gsed v1.03 is offered in the "Virtually UN*X" set of Win32 utilities at <http://www.itribe.net/virtunix/>. It supports Win 95/98/NT long filenames, and runs in a DOS session or DOS window under Microsoft Windows, but does not run in DOS mode. This version of sed supports hex, decimal, binary, and octal representation in expressions.
  The Cygwin toolkit:
  http://sourceware.cygnus.com/cygwin/
  
  Formerly know as "GNU-Win32 tools." According to their home page, "The Cygwin tools are Win32 ports of the popular GNU development tools for Windows NT, 95 and 98. They function through the use of the Cygwin library which provides a UNIX-like API on top of the Win32 API." The version of sed used is GNU sed v3.02.
  Minimalist GNU-Win32 (Mingw32):
  ftp://agnes.dida.physik.uni-essen.de/home/janjaap/mingw32/binaries/sed-2.05.zip
  http://agnes.dida.physik.uni-essen.de/~janjaap/mingw32/download.html
  
  According to their home page, "The Minimalist GNU-Win32 Package (or Mingw32) is simply a set of header files and initialization code which allows a GNU compiler to link programs with one of the C run-time libraries provided by Microsoft. By default it uses CRTDLL, which is built into all Win32 operating systems." The download page says Mingw32 programs "behave like you would expect from a Windows application. They support drive letters, for example. A side effect of using CRTDLL is that Mingw32 is thread-safe, while Cygwin32 is not." The version of sed used is GNU sed v2.05.
  sed v1.5 (a/k/a HHsed), by Howard Helman
  Compiled with Mingw32 for 32-bit environments described above. This version should support Win95 long filenames.
  http://www.dbnet.ece.ntua.gr/~george/sed/sed15.exe
  http://www.cornerstonemag.com/sed/sed15exe.zip
  
  2.2.1.4. MS-DOS
  
  sed v1.5 (a/k/a HHsed), by Howard Helman
  uncompiled source code (Turbo C)
  ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/msdos/txtutl/sed15.zip
  ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/simtelnet/msdos/txtutl/sed15.zip
  ftp://oak.oakland.edu/pub/simtelnet/msdos/txtutl/
  ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/pub/systems/pc/simtelnet/msdos/txtutl/
  
  DOS executable and documentation
  ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/msdos/txtutl/sed15x.zip
  ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/simtelnet/msdos/txtutl/sed15x.zip
  ftp://oak.oakland.edu/pub/simtelnet/msdos/txtutl/
  ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/pub/systems/pc/simtelnet/msdos/txtutl/
  
  sedmod v1.0, by Hern Chen
  http://www.ptug.org/sed/SEDMOD10.ZIP
  http://www.cornerstonemag.com/sed/sedmod10.zip
  ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/unix/
  CompuServe DTPFORUM, "PC DTP Tools" library, file SEDMOD.ZIP
  
  GNU sed v3.02.80
  See section 2.2.1.3 ("Microsoft Windows"), above.
  
  GNU sed v3.02
  See section 2.2.1.3 ("Microsoft Windows"), above.
  
  GNU sed v2.05
  Does not run under MS-DOS.
  
  GNU sed v1.18
  32-bit binaries and source, using DJGPP compiler. Requires 80386 SX
  or better. Also requires 3 CWS*.EXE extenders on the path. See
  section 5.5 ("What is CSDPMI*B.ZIP and why do I need it?"), below.
  We recommend using GNU sed v3.02 (above) instead.
  http://www.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/sed118b.zip
  ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/
  http://www.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/sed118s.zip
  ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/
  
  GNU sed v1.06
  16-bit binaries and source. Should run under any MS-DOS system.
  simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/gnuish/sed106.zip
  ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/simtelnet/gnu/gnuish/
  
  2.2.1.5. CP/M
  
  ssed v2.2, by Chuck A. Forsberg
  http://oak.oakland.edu/pub/cpm/txtutl/ssed22.lbr
  
  Written for CP/M, ssed (for "small/stupid stream editor) supports only the a(ppend), c(hange), d(elete) and i(nsert) options, and apparently doesn't support regular expressions. It does have a -u option to "unsqueeze" compressed files and was used mainly in conjunction with dif.com for source code maintenance.
  change, by Michael M. Rubenstein
  http://oak.oakland.edu/pub/cpm/txtutl/ttools.lbr
  
  Rubenstein probably felt that "sed" was an obscure name, so he renamed it CHANGE.COM (the TTOOLS.LBR archive member CHANGE.CZM is a "crunched" file). Unlike ssed, change supports full RE's except for grouping and backreferences, and its only function is for global substitution.
  2.2.2. Shareware and Commercial versions
  
  2.2.2.1. Unix platforms
  2.2.2.2. OS/2
  
  Hamilton Labs:
  hamiltonlabs.com/cshell.htm
  
  A sizable set of Unix/C shell utilities designed for OS/2.
  2.2.2.3. Windows 95/98, Windows NT, Windows 2000
  
  Hamilton Labs:
  http://www.hamiltonlabs.com/cshell.htm
  
  A sizable set of Unix/C shell utilities designed for Win9x, WinNT, and Win2K. Price is $350 in the US, $395 elsewhere, with FedEx shipping, unconditional guarantee, unlimited support and free updates. A demo version of the suite can be downloaded from this site, but a stand-alone copy of sed is not available.
  Interix:
  interix.com
  
  Interix (formerly known as OpenNT) is advertised as "a complete UNIX system environment running natively on Microsoft Windows NT", and is licensed and supported by Softway Systems. It offers over 200 Unix utilities, and supports Unix shells, sockets, networking, and more. A single-user edition runs about $200. A free demo or evaluation copy will run for 31 days and then quit; to continue using it, you must purchase the commercial version.
  MKS NuTCRACKER Professional
  datafocus.com/products/nutc/
  
  A different, yet related product line offered by MKS (Mortice Kern Systems, below); the awkward spelling "NuTCRACKER" is intentional. Various packages offer hundreds of Unix utilities for Win32 environments. Sed is not available as a separate product.
  UnixDos:
  unixdos.com
  
  UnixDos is a suite of 82 Unix utilities ported over to the Windows environments. There are 16-bit versions for Win 3.1 and 32-bit versions for WinNT/Win95. It is distributed as uncrippled shareware for the first 30 days. After the test period, the utilities will not run and you must pay the registration fee of $50. Their version of sed supports "\n" in the RHS of expressions, and increases the length of input lines to 10,000 characters. By special arrangement with the owners, persons who want a licensed version of sed *only* (without the other utilities) may pay a license fee of $10.
  U/WIN:
  research.att.com/sw/tools/uwin/
  
  U/WIN is a suite of Unix utilities created for WinNT and Win95 systems. It is owned by AT&T, created by David Korn (author of the Unix korn shell), and is freely distributed only to educational institutions, AT&T employees, or certain researchers; all others must pay a fee after a 90-day evaluation period expires. U/WIN operates best with the NTFS (WinNT file system) but will run in degraded mode with the FAT file system and in further degraded mode under Win95. A minimal installation takes about 25 to 30 megs of disk space. Sed is not available as a separate file for download, but comes with the suite.
  
  2.2.2.4. MS-DOS
  
  Mix C/Utilities Toolchest |
  http://www.mixsoftware.com/product/utility.htm
  According to their web page, "The C/Utilities Toolchest adds over 40 powerful UNIX utilities to your MS-DOS operating system. The result is an environment very similar to UNIX operating systems, yet 100% compatible with MS-DOS programs and commands." The toolchest costs $19.95, with source code available for an additional fee. Mix C's version of sed is not available separately.
  MKS (Mortice Kern Systems) Toolkit
  http://www.mks.com
  
  Sed comes bundled with the MKS Toolkit, which is distributed only as commercial software; it is not available separately.
  
  Thompson Automation Software
  teleport.com/~thompson/
  
  The Thompson Toolkit contains over 100 familiar Unix utilities, including a version of the Unix Korn shell. It runs under MS-DOS, OS/2, Win 3.0/3.1, Win95, and WinNT. Sed is one of the utilities, though Thompson is better known for its version of awk for DOS, TAWK. The toolkit runs about $150; sed is not available separately.
  
  2.3. Where can I learn to use sed?
  
  2.3.1. Books
  
  _Sed & Awk, by Dale Dougherty & Arnold Robbins
  (Sebastopol, Calif: O'Reilly and Associates, 1997) ISBN 1-56592-225-5
  
  About 40 percent of this book is devoted to sed, and maybe 50 percent is devoted to awk. The other 10 percent is given to regular expressions and concepts which are common to both tools. If you prefer hard copy, this is definitely the best single place to learn to use sed, including its advanced features.
  
  The first edition is also very useful. Several typos crept into the first printing of the first edition (though if you follow the tutorials closely, you'll recognize them right away). A list of errors from the first printing of _sed & awk_ is available at
  sedawk.txt, and errors in
  the 2nd are at sedawk2.txt
  though most of these were corrected in later printings. The second edition tells how POSIX standards have affected these tools and covers the popular GNU versions of sed and awk. Price is about (US) $30.00
  
  -----
  
  _Mastering Regular Expressions_, by Jeffrey E. F. Friedl
  (Sebastopol, Calif: O'Reilly and Associates, 1997)
  ISBN 1-56592-257-3
  http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/regex/
  http://enterprise.ic.gc.ca/~jfriedl/regex/index.html
  
  Knowing how to use "regular expressions" is essential to effective
  use of most Unix tools. This book focuses on how regular
  expressions can be best implemented in utilities such as perl, vi,
  emacs, and awk, but also touches on sed as well. Friedl's home page
  (above) gives links to other sites which help students learn to
  master regular expressions. His site also gives a Perl script for
  determining a syntactically valid e-mail address, using regexes:
  http://enterprise.ic.gc.ca/~jfriedl/regex/email-opt.pl
  
  -----
  
  _Awk und Sed_, by Helmut Herold. (Bonn: Addison-Wesley, 1994)
  ISBN 3-89319-685-4 VVA-Nr. 563-00685-8
  The text of this book is in German. Now out of print.
  
  -----
  
  _Linux-Unix-Profitools: awk, sed, lex, yacc und make_, by Helumt Herold. (Bonn: Addison-Wesley, 1998)
  ISBN 3-8273-1448-8
  
  addison-wesley
  
  The text of this book is in German. (Comments from German-speaking
  reviewers appreciated!)
  
  2.3.2. Mailing list
  
  The informal "seders" mailing list has changed to a Majordomo
  mailing list called "sed-users". Regular and digest versions are
  available. Average mail volume is 12-25 messages per week. For more
  information, address mail to "majordomo@jpusa.org" with any subject |
  line and the following in the message body: |
  
  info sed-users yourname@your.site |
  
  To subscribe, mail to "majordomo@jpusa.org" with any subject line |
  and one of the following in the message body: |
  
  subscribe sed-users yourname@your.site
  subscribe sed-users-digest yourname@your.site
  
  2.3.3. Tutorials, electronic text
  
  The original users manual for sed, by Lee E. McMahon, from the
  7th edition UNIX Manual (1978), with the classic "Kubla Khan"
  example and tutorial, in formatted text format:
  
  The source code to the preceding manual. Use "troff -ms sed" to print this file properly:
  http://plan9.bell-labs.com/7thEdMan/vol2/sed
  http://cm.bell-labs.com/7thEdMan/vol2/sed
  
  "Do It With Sed", by Carlos Duarte
  http://www.dbnet.ece.ntua.gr/~george/sed/sedtut_1.html
  
  U-SEDIT2.ZIP, by Mike Arst (16 June 1990)
  http://wuarchive.wustl.edu/systems/ibmpc/garbo.uwasa.fi/editor/u-sedit2.zip
  ftp://ftp.cs.umu.se/pub/pc/u-sedit2.zip
  ftp://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/systems/msdos/util/unixlike/u-sedit2.zip
  ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/vol/d2/garbo/pc/editor/u-sedit2.zip
  ftp://ftp.sogang.ac.kr/.1/msdos_garbo/editor/u-sedit2.zip
  
  U-SEDIT3.ZIP, by Mike Arst (24 Jan. 1992)
  u-sedit3
  CompuServe DTPFORUM, "PC DTP Utilities" library, file SEDDOC.ZIP
  
  Another sed FAQ
  DreamWeaver Sed AFQ
  
  sed-tutorial, by Felix von Leitner
  tutorial
  
  "Manipulating text with sed," chapter 14 of the SCO OpenServer
  "Operating System Users Guide"
  BOOKCHAPTER-14
  _Manipulating_text_with_sed
  
  "Combining the Bourne-shell, sed and awk in the UNIX environment
  for language analysis," by Lothar M. Schmitt and Kiel T.
  Christianson. This basic tutorial on the Bourne shell, sed and awk
  downloads as a 71-page PostScript file (compressed to 290K with
  gzip). You may need to navigate down from the root to get the file.
  ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/u-aizu/doc/Tech-Report/1997/97-2-007.tar.gz
  available upon request from Lothar Schmitt <lothar@u-aizu.ac.jp>
  
  2.3.4. General web and ftp sites
  
  http://seders.icheme.org/ # Casper Boden-Cummins |
  http://www.cis.nctu.edu.tw/~gis84806/sed/ # Yao-Jen Chang
  http://www.math.fu-berlin.de/~guckes/sed/ # Sven Guckes
  http://www.math.fu-berlin.de/~leitner/sed/ # Felix von Leitner
  http://www.dbnet.ece.ntua.gr/~george/sed/ # Yiorgos Adamopoulos
  http://www.cornerstonemag.com/sed/ # Eric Pement
  
  http://spacsun.rice.edu/FAQ/sed.html
  
  ftp://algos.inesc.pt/pub/users/cdua/scripts/ (Carlos Duarte)
  ftp://algos.inesc.pt/pub/users/cdua/scripts/ (sed & shell script)
  
  "Handy One-Liners For Sed", compiled by Eric Pement. A large list
  of 1-line sed commands which can be executed from the command line.
  http://www.cornerstonemag.com/sed/sed1line.txt
  http://www.dbnet.ece.ntua.gr/~george/sed/1liners.html
  
  The Single UNIX Specification, Version 2 (technical man page)
  http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xcu/sed.html |
  
  Getting started with sed
  http://ftp.uni-klu.ac.at/sed/sed.html
  
  Comments in sed
  http://www.bluesky.com.au:457/OSUserG/_Comments_in_sed.html
  
  "Using sed"
  http://www.multisoft.it:457/OSUserG/_Using_sed_main.html
  
  masm to gas converter
  http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/faq/converting/asm2s-sed.html
  
  AltaVista results: "sed script" (744+)
  http://www.altavista.com/cgi-bin/query?pg=q&kl=XX&stype=stext&q=%22sed+script%22
  
  Google results: "sed script" (668+)
  http://www.google.com/search?q=%22sed+script%22
  
  HotBot results: "sed script" (190+)
  http://www.hotbot.com/?MT=%22sed+script%22&SM=MC&DV=0&LG=any&DC=10&DE=2
  
  mail2html.zip
  http://hiwaay.net/~crispen/src/mail2html.zip
  
  customize VIM to aid writing sed scripts
  http://www.fys.uio.no/~hakonrk/vim/syntax/sed.vim
  
  sample uses of sed in batch files and scripts (Benny Pederson)
  http://users.cybercity.dk/~bse26236/batutil/help/SED.HTM
  

  second part