MySQL Reference

The current documention is at dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/index.html

Installing Tutorial Using MySQL Programs Database Administration Replication Optimization Client and Utilitys Language Structure Character Set Support Column Types Functions and Operators SQL Statement Storage Engines and Table Types

the Future (the TODO) Change History Porting to Other Systems Environment Variables MySQL Regular Expressions GNU General Public License FLOSS License Exception SQL Command, Type, and Function Index Concept Index

General Information About This Conventions Used in here Overview of the Database Management System History of The Main Features of Stability How Big Tables Can Be Year 2000 Compliance Development Roadmap 4.0 in a Nutshell Features Available in 4.0 The Embedded Server Nutshell Features Available The Next Development Release Information Sources Mailing Lists The Mailing Lists Asking Questions or Reporting Bugs How to Report Bugs or Problems Guidelines for Answering Questions on the Mailing List Community Support on IRC (Internet Relay Chat) Community Support at the MySQL Forums Standards Compliance What Standards Follows Selecting SQL Modes Running in ANSI Mode Extensions to Standard SQL Differences from Standard SQL Subqueries SELECT INTO TABLE Transactions and Atomic Operations Stored Procedures and Triggers Foreign Keys Views `--' as the Start of a Comment How Deals with Constraints UNIQUE Index Constraints Constraints on Invalid Data SET Constraints Known Errors and Design Deficiencies in Errors in 3.23 Fixed in a Later Version Errors in 4.0 Fixed in a Later Version Errors in 4.1 Fixed in a Later Version Open Bugs and Design Deficiencies in Installing General Installation Issues Operating Systems Supported by Choosing Which Distribution to Install Choosing Which Version of to Install Choosing a Distribution Format How and When Updates Are Released Release Philosophy--No Known Bugs in Releases Binaries Compiled by MySQL AB How to Get GnuPG Verifying the MD5 Checksum GnuPG RPM Installation Layouts Standard Installation Using a Binary Distribution Installing on Windows Windows System Requirements Choosing An Installation Package Installing with the Automated Installer Using the Installation Wizard Introduction Downloading and Starting the Installation Wizard Choosing an Install Type The Custom Install Dialog The Confirmation Dialog Changes Made by Installation Wizard Upgrading Using the Configuration Wizard Introduction Starting the Configuration Wizard Choosing a Maintenance Option Choosing a Configuration Type The Server Type Dialog The Database Usage Dialog The InnoDB Tablespace Dialog The Concurrent Connections Dialog The Networking Options Dialog The Character Set Dialog The Service Options Dialog The Security Options Dialog The Confirmation Dialog The Location of the my.ini File Editing The my.ini File Installing from a noinstall Zip Archive Extracting the Install Archive Creating an Option File Selecting a Server type Starting the Server for the First Time Starting from the Windows Command Line Starting as a Windows Service Testing The Installation Troubleshooting a Installation Under Windows Upgrading on Windows on Windows Compared to MySQL on Unix Installing on Linux Installing on Mac OS X Installing on NetWare Installing on Other Unix-Like Systems Installation Using a Source Distribution Source Installation Overview configure Options Installing from the Development Source Tree Dealing with Problems Compiling MIT-pthreads Notes Installing from Source on Windows Building Using VC++ Creating a Windows Source Package from the Latest Development Source Compiling Clients on Windows Post-Installation Setup and Testing Windows Post-Installation Procedures Unix Post-Installation Procedures mysql_install_db Starting and Stopping Automatically Starting and Troubleshooting the Server Securing the Initial Accounts Upgrading 4.1 to 5.6 4.0 to 4.1 3.23 to 4.0 3.22 to 3.23 3.21 to 3.22 3.20 to 3.21 Upgrading the Grant Tables Copying Databases to Another Machine Downgrading Downgrading to 4.1 Downgrading to 4.0 Operating System-Specific Notes Linux Notes Linux Operating System Notes Linux Binary Distribution Notes Linux Source Distribution Notes Linux Post-Installation Notes Linux x86 Notes Linux SPARC Notes Linux Alpha Notes Linux PowerPC Notes Linux MIPS Notes Linux IA-64 Notes Mac OS X Notes Mac OS X 10.x (Darwin) Mac OS X Server 1.2 (Rhapsody) Solaris Notes Solaris 2.7/2.8 Notes Solaris x86 Notes BSD Notes FreeBSD Notes NetBSD Notes OpenBSD 2.5 Notes OpenBSD 2.8 Notes BSD/OS Version 2.x Notes BSD/OS Version 3.x Notes BSD/OS Version 4.x Notes Other Unix Notes HP-UX Version 10.20 Notes HP-UX Version 11.x Notes IBM-AIX notes SunOS 4 Notes Alpha-DEC-UNIX Notes (Tru64) Alpha-DEC-OSF/1 Notes SGI Irix Notes SCO Notes SCO UnixWare Version 7.1.x Notes OS/2 Notes BeOS Notes Perl Installation Notes Installing Perl on Unix Installing ActiveState Perl on Windows DBI/DBD Interface

Tutorial Connecting to and Disconnecting from the Server Entering Queries Creating and Using a Database Creating and Selecting a Database Creating a Table Loading Data into a Table Retrieving Information from a Table Selecting All Data Selecting Particular Rows Selecting Particular Columns Sorting Rows Date Calculations NULL Values Pattern Matching Counting Rows Using More Than one Table Getting Information About Databases and Tables mysql in Batch Mode Examples of Common Queries The Maximum Value for a Column The Row Holding the Maximum of a Certain Column Maximum of Column per Group The Rows Holding the Group-wise Maximum of a Certain Field Using User Variables Using Foreign Keys Searching on Two Keys Calculating Visits Per Day AUTO_INCREMENT Queries from the Twin Project Find All Non-distributed Twins Show a Table of Twin Pair Status Using with Apache Using Programs Overview of Programs Invoking Programs Specifying Program Options Using Options on the Command Line Using Option Files Using Environment Variables to Specify Options Using Options to Set Program Variables Database Administration The Server and Server Startup Scripts Overview of the Server-Side Scripts and Utilities mysqld-max Extended Server mysqld_safe Server Startup Script mysql.server Server Startup Script mysqld_multi Program for Managing Multiple Servers Configuring the Server mysqld Command-Line Options The Server SQL Mode Server System Variables Dynamic System Variables Server Status Variables The Server Shutdown Process General Security Issues General Security Guidelines Making Secure Against Attackers mysqld Concerning Security LOAD DATA LOCAL The Access Privilege System What the Privilege System Does How the Privilege System Works Privileges Provided by Connecting to the Server Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification When Privilege Changes Take Effect Access denied Errors Password Hashing in 4.1 Implications of Password Hashing Changes for Application Programs Password Hashing in 4.1.0 User Account Management Usernames and Passwords Adding New User Accounts to Removing User Accounts from Limiting Account Resources Assigning Account Passwords Keeping Your Password Secure Using Secure Connections Basic SSL Concepts Requirements Setting Up SSL Certificates for GRANT Options SSL Command-Line Options Connecting to Remotely from Windows with SSH Disaster Prevention and Recovery Database Backups Example Backup and Recovery Strategy Backup Policy Using Backups for Recovery Backup Strategy Summary Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery myisamchk Invocation myisamchk myisamchk myisamchk myisamchk myisamchk Memory Usage myisamchk for Crash Recovery MyISAM Tables for Errors How to Repair Tables Table Optimization Setting Up a Table Maintenance Schedule Getting Information About a Table Server Time Zone Support The Log Files The Error Log The General Query Log The Update Log The Binary Log The Slow Query Log Log File Maintenance Running Multiple Servers on the Same Machine Running Multiple Servers on Windows Starting Multiple Windows Servers at the Command Line Starting Multiple Windows Servers as Services Running Multiple Servers on Unix Using Client Programs in a Multiple-Server Environment The Query Cache How the Query Cache Operates SELECT Options Query Cache Configuration Query Cache Status and Maintenance Replication in Introduction to Replication Replication Implementation Overview Replication Implementation Details Replication Master Thread States Replication Slave I/O Thread States Replication Slave SQL Thread States Replication Relay and Status Files How to Set Up Replication Replication Compatibility Between Versions Upgrading a Replication Setup Upgrading Replication to 4.0 or 4.1 Upgrading Replication to 5.6 Replication Features and Known Problems Replication Startup Options Replication FAQ Troubleshooting Replication Reporting Replication Bugs Optimization Optimization Overview Design Limitations and Tradeoffs Designing Applications for Portability What We Have Used For The Benchmark Suite Using Your Own Benchmarks SELECT Statements and Other Queries SELECT) Estimating Query Performance SELECT Queries WHERE Clauses Range Optimization Range Access Method for Single-Part Indexes Range Access Method for Multiple-Part Indexes Index Merge Optimization Index Merge Intersection Access Algorithm Index Merge Union Access Algorithm Index Merge Sort-Union Access Algorithm IS NULL DISTINCT RIGHT JOIN ORDER BY GROUP BY Loose index scan Tight index scan LIMIT How to Avoid Table Scans INSERT Statements UPDATE Statements DELETE Statements Other Optimization Tips Locking Issues Locking Methods Table Locking Issues Optimizing Database Structure Design Choices Make Your Data as Small as Possible Column Indexes Multiple-Column Indexes How Uses Indexes MyISAM Key Cache Shared Key Cache Access Multiple Key Caches Midpoint Insertion Strategy Index Preloading Key Cache Block Size Restructuring a Key Cache How Counts Open Tables How Opens and Closes Tables Drawbacks to Creating Many Tables in the Same Database Optimizing the Server System Factors and Startup Parameter Tuning Tuning Server Parameters Controlling Query Optimizer Performance How Compiling and Linking Affects the Speed of How Uses Memory How Uses DNS Disk Issues Using Symbolic Links Using Symbolic Links for Databases on Unix Using Symbolic Links for Tables on Unix Using Symbolic Links for Databases on Windows Client and Utility Programs Overview of the Client-Side Scripts and Utilities myisampack, the Compressed Read-only Table Generator mysql, the Command-Line Tool mysql Commands Executing SQL Statements from a Text File mysql Tips Displaying Query Results Vertically --safe-updates Option mysql Auto-Reconnect mysqladmin, Administering a Server mysqlbinlog Binary Log Utility mysqlcc, the Control Center mysqlcheck Table Maintenance and Repair Program mysqldump Database Backup Program mysqlhotcopy Database Backup Program mysqlimport Data Import Program mysqlshow, Showing Databases, Tables, and Columns perror, Explaining Error Codes replace String-Replacement Utility

Language Structure Literal Values Strings Numbers Hexadecimal Values Boolean Values Bit-Field Values NULL Values Database, Table, Index, Column, and Alias Names Identifier Qualifiers Identifier Case Sensitivity User Variables System Variables Structured System Variables Comment Treatment of Reserved Words in Character Set Support Character Sets and Collations in General Character Sets and Collations in Determining the Default Character Set and Collation Server Character Set and Collation Database Character Set and Collation Table Character Set and Collation Column Character Set and Collation Examples of Character Set and Collation Assignment Connection Character Sets and Collations Character String Literal Character Set and Collation COLLATE in SQL Statements COLLATE Clause Precedence BINARY Operator Some Special Cases Where the Collation Determination Is Tricky Collations Must Be for the Right Character Set An Example of the Effect of Collation Operations Affected by Character Set Support Result Strings CONVERT() CAST() SHOW Statements Unicode Support UTF8 for Metadata Compatibility with Other DBMSs New Character Set Configuration File Format National Character Set Upgrading Character Sets from 4.0 4.0 Character Sets and Corresponding 4.1 Character Set/Collation Pairs Converting 4.0 Character Columns to 4.1 Format Character Sets and Collations That Supports Unicode Character Sets West European Character Sets Central European Character Sets South European and Middle East Character Sets Baltic Character Sets Cyrillic Character Sets Asian Character Sets Column Types Column Type Overview Overview of Numeric Types Overview of Date and Time Types Overview of String Types Numeric Types Date and Time Types TIMESTAMP Types TIMESTAMP Properties Prior to 4.1 TIMESTAMP Properties as of 4.1 TIME Type YEAR Type Y2K Issues and Date Types String Types VARCHAR Types VARBINARY Types TEXT Types ENUM Type SET Type Column Type Storage Requirements Choosing the Right Type for a Column Using Column Types from Other Database Engines Functions and Operators Operators Operator Precedence Parentheses Comparison Functions and Operators Logical Operators Control Flow Functions String Functions String Comparison Functions Numeric Functions Arithmetic Operators Mathematical Functions Date and Time Functions Full-Text Search Functions Boolean Full-Text Searches Full-Text Searches with Query Expansion Full-Text Restrictions Fine-Tuning Full-Text Search Full-Text Search TODO Cast Functions and Operators Other Functions Bit Functions Encryption Functions Information Functions Miscellaneous Functions GROUP BY Clauses GROUP BY (Aggregate) Functions GROUP BY Modifiers GROUP BY with Hidden Fields

SQL Statement Data Manipulation Statements DELETE DO HANDLER INSERT INSERT ... SELECT INSERT DELAYED LOAD DATA INFILE REPLACE SELECT JOIN UNION Subquery The Subquery as Scalar Operand Comparisons Using Subqueries SOME ALL Row Subqueries NOT EXISTS Correlated Subqueries FROM clause Subquery Errors Optimizing Subqueries Rewriting Subqueries as Joins for Earlier Versions TRUNCATE UPDATE Data Definition Statements ALTER DATABASE ALTER TABLE ALTER VIEW CREATE DATABASE CREATE INDEX CREATE TABLE Silent Column Specification Changes CREATE VIEW DROP DATABASE DROP INDEX DROP TABLE DROP VIEW RENAME TABLE Utility Statements DESCRIBE Syntax (Get Information About Columns) USE Transactional and Locking Statements ROLLBACK Statements That Cannot Be Rolled Back Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT UNLOCK TABLES SET TRANSACTION Database Administration Statements Account Management Statements CREATE USER DROP USER REVOKE RENAME USER SET PASSWORD Table Maintenance Statements ANALYZE TABLE BACKUP TABLE CHECK TABLE CHECKSUM TABLE OPTIMIZE TABLE REPAIR TABLE RESTORE TABLE SET SHOW … CHARACTER SET … COLLATION … COLUMNS … CREATE DATABASE … CREATE TABLE … CREATE VIEW … DATABASES … ENGINES … ERRORS … GRANTS … INDEX … INNODB STATUS … LOGS … PRIVILEGES … PROCESSLIST … STATUS … TABLE STATUS … TABLES … VARIABLES … WARNINGS Other Administrative Statements CACHE INDEX FLUSH KILL LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE RESET Replication Statements SQL Statements for Controlling Master Servers PURGE MASTER LOGS RESET MASTER SET SQL_LOG_BIN SHOW BINLOG EVENTS SHOW MASTER LOGS SHOW MASTER STATUS SHOW SLAVE HOSTS SQL Statements for Controlling Slave Servers CHANGE MASTER TO LOAD DATA FROM MASTER tbl_name FROM MASTER MASTER_POS_WAIT() RESET SLAVE SET GLOBAL SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER SHOW SLAVE STATUS START SLAVE STOP SLAVE SQL Syntax for Prepared Statements

Storage Engines and Table Types MyISAM Storage Engine MyISAM Startup Options Space Needed for Keys MyISAM Table Storage Formats Static (Fixed-Length) Table Characteristics Dynamic Table Characteristics Compressed Table Characteristics MyISAM Table Problems MyISAM Tables Problems from Tables Not Being Closed Properly MERGE Storage Engine MERGE Table Problems MEMORY (HEAP) Storage Engine BDB (BerkeleyDB) Storage Engine BDB BDB BDB Startup Options BDB Tables BDB BDB Tables BDB Tables EXAMPLE Storage Engine FEDERATED Storage Engine FEDERATED Storage Engine FEDERATED Storage Engine FEDERATED Tables FEDERATED Storage Engine ARCHIVE Storage Engine CSV Storage Engine ISAM Storage Engine InnoDB Storage Engine InnoDB Overview InnoDB Contact Information InnoDB in 3.23 InnoDB Configuration InnoDB Startup Options InnoDB Tablespace InnoDB Initialization Problems InnoDB Tables InnoDB with Different APIs InnoDB InnoDB FOREIGN KEY Constraints InnoDB and Replication Using Per-Table Tablespaces InnoDB Data and Log Files InnoDB Database Forcing Recovery Checkpoints InnoDB Database to Another Machine InnoDB Transaction Model and Locking AUTOCOMMIT TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL Consistent Non-Locking Read SELECT ... LOCK IN SHARE MODE Next-Key Locking: Avoiding the Phantom Problem InnoDB InnoDB When Does Implicitly Commit or Roll Back a Transaction? Deadlock Detection and Rollback How to Cope with Deadlocks InnoDB Performance Tuning Tips InnoDB Monitors Implementation of Multi-Versioning Table and Index Structures Physical Structure of an Index Insert Buffering Adaptive Hash Indexes Physical Record Structure File Space Management and Disk I/O Disk I/O Using Raw Devices for the Tablespace File Space Management Defragmenting a Table Error Handling InnoDB Error Codes Operating System Error Codes InnoDB Tables InnoDB Troubleshooting InnoDB Data Dictionary Operations Cluster Cluster Glossary Cluster Overview Basic Cluster Concepts Simple Multi-Computer How-To Hardware, Software, and Networking Installation Configuration Initial Startup Loading Sample Data and Performing Queries Safe Shutdown and Restart Cluster Configuration Building from Source Code Installing the Software Quick Test Setup of Cluster Configuration File Example Configuration for a Cluster connectstring Defining the Computers Making up a Cluster Defining the Cluster Management Server Defining Cluster Storage Nodes Defining the SQL Nodes in a Cluster Cluster TCP/IP Connections Cluster Shared-Memory Connections Cluster SCI Transport Connections Process Management in Cluster Server Process Usage for MySQL Cluster ndbd, the Storage Engine Node Process ndb_mgmd, the Management Server Process ndb_mgm, the Management Client Process Command Options for Cluster Processes mysqld ndbd ndb_mgmd ndb_mgm Management of Cluster Commands in the Management Client Event Reports Generated in Cluster Logging Management Commands Log Events Single User Mode On-line Backup of Cluster Cluster Backup Concepts Using The Management Server to Create a Backup How to Restore a Cluster Backup Configuration for Cluster Backup Backup Troubleshooting Using High-Speed Interconnects with Cluster Configuring Cluster to use SCI Sockets Understanding the Impact of Cluster Interconnects Cluster Limitations in 4.1 Cluster FAQ Introduction to MaxDB History of MaxDB Licensing and Support MaxDB-Related Links Basic Concepts of MaxDB Feature Differences Between MaxDB and Interoperability Features Between MaxDB and Reserved Words in MaxDB Spatial Extensions in Introduction The OpenGIS Geometry Model The Geometry Class Hierarchy Geometry Point Curve LineString Surface Polygon GeometryCollection MultiPoint MultiCurve MultiLineString MultiSurface MultiPolygon Supported Spatial Data Formats Well-Known Text (WKT) Format Well-Known Binary (WKB) Format Creating a Spatially Enabled Database Spatial Data Types Creating Spatial Values Creating Geometry Values Using WKT Functions Creating Geometry Values Using WKB Functions Creating Geometry Values Using MySQL-Specific Functions Creating Spatial Columns Populating Spatial Columns Fetching Spatial Data Fetching Spatial Data in Internal Format Fetching Spatial Data in WKT Format Fetching Spatial Data in WKB Format Analyzing Spatial Information Geometry Format Conversion Functions Geometry Functions General Geometry Functions Point Functions LineString Functions MultiLineString Functions Polygon Functions MultiPolygon Functions GeometryCollection Functions Functions That Create New Geometries from Existing Ones Geometry Functions That Produce New Geometries Spatial Operators Functions for Testing Spatial Relations Between Geometric Objects Relations on Geometry Minimal Bounding Rectangles (MBRs) Functions That Test Spatial Relationships Between Geometries Optimizing Spatial Analysis Creating Spatial Indexes Using a Spatial Index Conformance and Compatibility GIS Features That Are Not Yet Implemented Localization and International Usage The Character Set Used for Data and Sorting Using the German Character Set Setting the Error Message Language Adding a New Character Set The Character Definition Arrays String Collating Support Multi-Byte Character Support Problems With Character Sets

Stored Procedures and Functions Stored Procedures and the Grant Tables Stored Procedure CREATE FUNCTION ALTER FUNCTION DROP FUNCTION SHOW CREATE FUNCTION SHOW FUNCTION STATUS CALL Statement BEGIN ... END Compound Statement DECLARE Statement Variables in Stored Procedures DECLARE Local Variables SET Statement SELECT ... INTO Statement Conditions and Handlers DECLARE Conditions DECLARE Handlers Cursors Declaring Cursors OPEN Statement FETCH Statement CLOSE Statement Flow Control Constructs IF Statement CASE Statement LOOP Statement LEAVE Statement ITERATE Statement REPEAT Statement WHILE Statement Triggers CREATE TRIGGER DROP TRIGGER Using Triggers INFORMATION_SCHEMA Information Database INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA Table INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMNS Table INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_PRIVILEGES Table INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES Table INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_PRIVILEGES Table INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_PRIVILEGES Table INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS Table INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATIONS Table INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY Table INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_CONSTRAINTS Table INFORMATION_SCHEMA KEY_COLUMN_USAGE Table INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES Table INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables SHOW Statements APIs Program Development Utilities msql2mysql, Convert mSQL Programs for Use with mysql_config, Get compile options for compiling clients C API C API Data types C API Function Overview C API Function Descriptions mysql_affected_rows() mysql_change_user() mysql_character_set_name() mysql_close() mysql_connect() mysql_create_db() mysql_data_seek() mysql_debug() mysql_drop_db() mysql_dump_debug_info() mysql_eof() mysql_errno() mysql_error() mysql_escape_string() mysql_fetch_field() mysql_fetch_fields() mysql_fetch_field_direct() mysql_fetch_lengths() mysql_fetch_row() mysql_field_count() mysql_field_seek() mysql_field_tell() mysql_free_result() mysql_get_client_info() mysql_get_client_version() mysql_get_host_info() mysql_get_proto_info() mysql_get_server_info() mysql_get_server_version() mysql_hex_string() mysql_info() mysql_init() mysql_insert_id() mysql_kill() mysql_library_init() mysql_library_end() mysql_list_dbs() mysql_list_fields() mysql_list_processes() mysql_list_tables() mysql_num_fields() mysql_num_rows() mysql_options() mysql_ping() mysql_query() mysql_real_connect() mysql_real_escape_string() mysql_real_query() mysql_reload() mysql_row_seek() mysql_row_tell() mysql_select_db() mysql_set_server_option() mysql_shutdown() mysql_sqlstate() mysql_ssl_set() mysql_stat() mysql_store_result() mysql_thread_id() mysql_use_result() mysql_warning_count() mysql_commit() mysql_rollback() mysql_autocommit() mysql_more_results() mysql_next_result() C API Prepared Statements C API Prepared Statement Data types C API Prepared Statement Function Overview C API Prepared Statement Function Descriptions mysql_stmt_affected_rows() mysql_stmt_attr_get() mysql_stmt_attr_set() mysql_stmt_bind_param() mysql_stmt_bind_result() mysql_stmt_close() mysql_stmt_data_seek() mysql_stmt_errno() mysql_stmt_error() mysql_stmt_execute() mysql_stmt_free_result() mysql_stmt_insert_id() mysql_stmt_fetch() mysql_stmt_fetch_column() mysql_stmt_field_count() mysql_stmt_init() mysql_stmt_num_rows() mysql_stmt_param_count() mysql_stmt_param_metadata() mysql_stmt_prepare() mysql_stmt_reset() mysql_stmt_result_metadata() mysql_stmt_row_seek() mysql_stmt_row_tell() mysql_stmt_send_long_data() mysql_stmt_sqlstate() mysql_stmt_store_result() C API Prepared statement problems C API Handling of Multiple Query Execution C API Handling of Date and Time Values C API Threaded Function Descriptions my_init() mysql_thread_init() mysql_thread_end() mysql_thread_safe() C API Embedded Server Function Descriptions mysql_server_init() mysql_server_end() Common questions and problems when using the C API mysql_query() Returns Success What Results You Can Get from a Query How to Get the Unique ID for the Last Inserted Row Problems Linking with the C API Building Client Programs How to Make a Threaded Client libmysqld, the Embedded Server Library Overview of the Embedded Server Library libmysqld Restrictions when using the Embedded Server Using Option Files with the Embedded Server Things left to do in Embedded Server (TODO) A Simple Embedded Server Example Licensing the Embedded Server PHP API Common Problems with and PHP Perl API C++ API Borland C++ Python API Tcl API Eiffel Wrapper Connectors ODBC Support Introduction to MyODBC What is ODBC? What is Connector/ODBC? What is MyODBC 2.50? What is MyODBC 3.51? Where to Get MyODBC Supported Platforms MyODBC Mailing List MyODBC Forum How to Report MyODBC Problems or Bugs How to Submit a MyODBC Patch General Information About ODBC and MyODBC Introduction to ODBC MyODBC Architecture ODBC Driver Managers Types of ODBC Drivers How to Install MyODBC Installing MyODBC from a Binary Distribution on Windows Installing MyODBC from a Binary Distribution on Unix Installing MyODBC from an RPM Distribution Installing MyODBC from a Binary Tarball Distribution Installing MyODBC from a Source Distribution on Windows Requirements Building MyODBC 3.51 Testing Building MyODBC 2.50 Installing MyODBC from a Source Distribution on Unix Requirements configure Options Thread-Safe Client Shared or Static Options Enabling Debugging Information Enabling the Documentation Building and Compilation Building Shared Libraries Installing Driver Libraries Testing MyODBC on Unix Mac OS X Notes HP-UX Notes AIX Notes: Installing MyODBC from the BitKeeper Development Source Tree MyODBC Configuration What is a Data Source Name? Configuring a MyODBC DSN on Windows Configuring a MyODBC DSN on Unix Connection Parameters Connecting Without a Predefined DSN Establishing a Remote Connection to System A from System B Getting an ODBC Trace File Applications Tested with MyODBC Programs Known to Work With MyODBC MyODBC Connection-Related Issues Could Not Load Translator or Setup Library Error Occurs Access denied Error Occurs INFO: About ODBC Connection Pooling MyODBC and Microsoft Access How to Set Up Microsoft Access to Work with using MyODBC? How to Export a Table or Query from Access to MySQL? How to Import or Link Database Tables to Access? The Structure or Location of a Linked Table has been Changed. Can I See Those Changes Locally in Linked Tables? #DELETED# How Do I Handle Write Conflicts or Row Location Errors? Whenever I Export a Table from Access 97, a Strange Syntax Error Occurs Another user has modified the record that you have modified While Editing Records How to Trap ODBC Login Error Messages in Access? How Do I Optimize Access for Performance with MyODBC? I Have Very Long Tables. What is the Best Configuration for MyODBC to Access These Tables? How to Set the QueryTimeout Value for ODBC Connections? INFO: Tools to Export/Import from/to Access to/from MyODBC and Microsoft VBA and ASP tbl_name Return an Error? Multiple-step operation generated errors. Check each status value. How to Find the Total Number of Rows Affected by a Particular SQL Statement in ADO? How Do I Handle Blob Data in Visual Basic? How Do I Map Visual Basic Data Types to Types? SAMPLES: VB with ADO, DAO and RDO ASP and with MyODBC INFO: Frequently Asked Questions on ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) MyODBC and Third-Party ODBC Tools How to Retrieve Data from into MS-Word/Excel Documents? Exporting Tables from MS DTS to Using MyODBC Results in a Syntax Error HOWTO: Configure MySQL+MyODBC+unixODBC+ColdFusion on Solaris MyODBC General Functionality AUTO_INCREMENT Column in ODBC Does MyODBC Support Dynamic Cursor Type? Transactions are not enabled Errors? Cursor not found Errors? Can I Use MyODBC 2.50 Applications with MyODBC 3.51? Can I Access from .NET Environment Using MyODBC? Why Does MyODBC Perform Poorly, and Also Make a Lot of Disk Activity for Relatively Small Queries? Basic MyODBC Application Steps MyODBC API Reference MyODBC Data Types MyODBC Error Codes MyODBC With VB: ADO, DAO and RDO rs.update rs.update, and Scrolling rs.update MyODBC with Microsoft .NET ODBC.NET: CSHARP(C#) ODBC.NET: VB Credits Java Connectivity (JDBC) Error Handling in Extending Internals Threads Test Suite Running the Test Suite Extending the Test Suite Reporting Bugs in the Test Suite Adding New Functions to Features of the User-Defined Function Interface CREATE FUNCTION/DROP FUNCTION Adding a New User-defined Function UDF Calling Sequences for simple functions UDF Calling Sequences for aggregate functions Argument Processing Return Values and Error Handling Compiling and Installing User-defined Functions User-defined Function Security Precautions Adding a New Native Function Adding New Procedures to Procedure Analyse Writing a Procedure Problems and Common Errors How to Determine What Is Causing a Problem Common Errors When Using Programs Access denied Can't connect to [local] server Client does not support authentication protocol Password Fails When Entered Interactively Host 'host_name' is blocked Too many connections Out of memory MySQL server has gone away Packet too large Communication Errors and Aborted Connections The table is full Can't create/write to file Commands out of sync Ignoring user Table 'tbl_name' doesn't exist Can't initialize character set File Not Found Installation-Related Issues Problems Linking to the Client Library How to Run as a Normal User Problems with File Permissions Administration-Related Issues How to Reset the Root Password What to Do If Keeps Crashing How Handles a Full Disk Where Stores Temporary Files `/tmp/mysql.sock' Time Zone Problems Query-Related Issues Case Sensitivity in Searches DATE Columns NULL Values Problems with Column Aliases Rollback Failure for Non-Transactional Tables Deleting Rows from Related Tables Solving Problems with No Matching Rows Problems with Floating-Point Comparisons Optimizer-Related Issues Table Definition-Related Issues ALTER TABLE How to Change the Order of Columns in a Table TEMPORARY TABLE Problems Credits Developers at AB Contributors to Documenters and translators Libraries used by and included with Packages that support Tools that were used to create Supporters of and the Future (the TODO) New Features Planned for 5.6 New Features Planned for 5.6 New Features Planned for the Near Future New Features Planned for the Mid-Term Future New Features We Don't Plan to Implement Change History Porting to Other Systems Debugging a Server Compiling for Debugging Creating Trace Files gdb Using a Stack Trace mysqld Making a Test Case If You Experience Table Corruption Debugging a Client The DBUG Package Comments about RTS Threads Differences Between Thread Packages Environment Variables Regular Expressions GNU General Public License FLOSS License Exception SQL Command, Type, and Function Index Concept Index